IB, IGCSE and A-Level explained: which one is right for an international student?
A plain-language comparison of the three most common international pathways, for families choosing or switching.
Concept clarificationIB, IGCSE, A-Level, Cambridge, EdexcelMathematics5 min read
Families moving between countries often meet all three of these names. They are not the same kind of qualification, so it helps to see how they differ.
IGCSE
The International GCSE is usually taken at around age 14 to 16. Students normally study several subjects and sit exams at the end. It is offered by boards such as Cambridge and Pearson Edexcel, and each board has its own syllabus and paper style.
A-Level
A-Levels are taken at around 16 to 18. Students usually study three subjects in depth, often over two years, with the final exams at the end. Universities in the UK and many other countries recognise them.
IB Diploma
The International Baccalaureate Diploma is a two-year programme for ages 16 to 19. Students take six subjects, some at Higher Level and some at Standard Level, plus Theory of Knowledge, an Extended Essay and a creativity, activity and service component. It is broader than A-Levels and includes more coursework.
How to choose
- Many specialised subjects and depth: A-Level.
- Broad study across subjects, with coursework and essays: IB Diploma.
- A first international qualification at 14 to 16: IGCSE.
Check what your target universities ask for, and which options your school actually offers. If your child is moving between systems, a tutor can help close the gaps in topics that one board covers and the other does not.